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EDUCATION
1. Know the functionalist perspective on education, including the definitions of the following terms: manifest functions, latent functions, & dysfunctions
2. What aspects of the dominant culture are transmitted by the educational system in the U.S.?
3. How does the U.S. educational system promote social and political integration?
4. What aspects of “control” do U.S. students (some) learn in school?
5. As a social institution, education reflects the interests of what two other social institutions?
6. In what ways has education helped to bring about desired social change?
7. Additional years of formal schooling in the U.S. are associated with what modifications in thinking?
8. What is the conflict view of formal education?
9. What does the “hidden curriculum” refer to?
10. What is credentialism – and how do functionalists and conflict theorists view it differently?
11. What is the functionalist vs. conflict perspective on both credentialism and the “bestowing of status”?
12. What is tracking – and what does research show about its effectiveness?
13. What is the teacher-expectancy effect? Does this theory seem to have any validity?
14. Why are schools becoming more bureaucratized?
15. How are Weber’s five basic characteristics of bureaucracy evident in large public schools?
16. What is the functionalist vs. conflict perspective on the trend toward centralized (more bureaucratic) schools?
17. What is the inherent conflict for teachers employed by bureaucratic (formalized) schools?
(Be able to recognize an example.)
18. According to the text, the “status of any job reflects several factors” that are becoming increasingly problematic for teachers. What are they?
RELIGION
19. Why do sociologists study religion?
20. What was Durkheim’s working definition of religion? Know the vocabulary in the definition.
21. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population is considered “religious”?
22. What is the largest single faith in the world? The second largest? The third largest?
23. What are the manifest & latent functions of religion (functionalism)? Any dysfunctions?
24. What is the general functionalist perspective on religion?
25. In what ways does religion contribute to the cohesiveness of a society?
26. Name and explain Weber’s theory about the association between Calvinism and capitalism.
27. What is liberation theology?
28. What was Marx’s view of religion and its effect on social change?
29. What is the broader conflict perspective on religion? (See Table 13-2 “Sociological Perspectives on Religion”)
30. What are the major tenets of the feminist perspective on religion?
31. What three aspects of religion help to define what is “sacred” vs. what is “profane”?
32. In general, what does the term fundamentalism mean?
33. What two controversies are at the heart of the ongoing debate about religion in the schools?
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