Definition: Sandwiching a quotation is just what it sounds like: you’re sandwiching (putting your words around) a quotation. Your words are the bread and the quotation is the meat or whatever is your preference.
Purpose: Sandwiching increases your voice’s presence in your essay, shows you’ve used your critical thinking skills when analyzing the source being quoted, and allows you to participate in the conversation that is taking place between yourself and your sources of information.
All Nine of the Methods Can be Used Selectively for Sandwiching Quotations or Transitioning into Summaries and Paraphrases
Use any of these options to sandwich (one before and one after) a quotation with your own words:
- Start with an introductory phrase like those listed on p. ___ in Keys for Writers. (Note: This one often comes first and can be followed by the quotation then one of the other eight options below.)
- Establish the credibility of the author. Only do this the first time the source is quoted, summarized or paraphrased; otherwise, it gets too repetitive.
- Summarize or paraphrase what the author has written.
- Give your opinion on (react to) the quotation you have given.
- Disagree with the quotation and explain why.
- Explain how the main point of the quotation is related to the paragraph. (Does it support or clarify a point you have made? If so, explain how. Does it refute an argument? Say so and give details. Does it complicate an issue? Explain how and give details.)
- Compare your personal experience, the experience of someone you know, or the opinion of another author to the quotation. (Do this using your own words or a primary source.)
- Explain how the quotation contradicts other information given (using your own words).
- Use an analogy (personal or made up) or any of the other argumentative strategies discussed on p. 150-76 in Discovering Arguments to clarify the meaning of the quotation (in your own words).
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