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Topic Preamble:
Imagine that your best friend was in a car accident. She tells you that she was briefly unconscious and woke up in the hospital, where she still is. She’s also told you that she has been feeling fine for the last couple of days, but the doctors have decided to keep her in for tests. While in the hospital visiting her, you have heard rumours of a patient who lacks a normal human brain, but otherwise seems to becompletely normal. Then you overhear the following conversation.
Doctor #1: “I think it’s pretty clear. Since the patient lacks a normal human brain, she does not have any mental states, since mental states are type-identical to states of the human brain.”
Doctor #2: “I believe the patient has some mental states but not others. Since she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a regular human, she has those states that are characterized in terms of their function. But we have no reason to think she has any of the states that are characterized in terms of their purely qualitative aspects.”
Doctor #3: “I think we need to know whether she has a Cartesian soul or not. I think she doesn’t, because she doesn’t have a normal human brain. So she does not have mental states.”
Doctor #4: “Doctor #3—that’s ridiculous. How could we ever tell whether something has such a soul, and why would it have to have human brain? Similarly, Doctor #1—you seem to think that a human brain is required. Isn’t that mere prejudice? Doctor #2—I don’t understand (1) what these “qualitative” states could be, and (2) how we could know when anything had them. The patient is behaviourallyindistinguishable from a normal human, so she has the usual range of mental states, regardless of what is in her skull.”
Doctor #5: “I disagree with all of you. I think we need to know exactly what’s in her skull before speculating further. Although a human brain is not required for mental states, if what’s in her head is a digital computer, then clearly she has no mental states at all.”
Just then, the doctors notice that you are listening; they stop talking.
· Actual Topic:
Is it more reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states, no mental states, or only some kinds of mental states and not others?
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