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Brazil officially called the Federal Republic of Brazil is located in Latin America. It is less in size as compared to the United States and lies on an area of 8,511,965 square kilometers. It is under federal form of government with twenty six states and a federal district with the capital city in Brasilia. President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva elected in January two thousand and three was currently replaced by the country’s first female President Dilma Rousseff in 2010 who heads the government and also is the Chief of state. Its economic influence in the region and being the highest in population in South America is very significant making Brazil ready to compete in the global market. It has continuously engaged in agriculture, exploitation of natural resources and industrialization which have developed the country’s economy.
Demography
It contains twenty six states with a population of about 198,739,269 according to the August 2000 Census. The urban population growth is on the increase making Brazil rank first in Latin America and fifth in the world. It comprises of six distinct ethnic groups which includes Portuguese who colonized them, blacks who initially were slaves and other immigrants. The indigenous population comprises of Gurani &Tupi. Intermarriages have resulted into a mixed cultural heritage which has led to social diversity. This has helped manage the issue of racial discrimination in the country in which the United States has contributed to the efforts of achieving equality in all sectors. The population engages mostly in agriculture especially coffee, sugarcane and cattle farming and mining of natural resources such as iron and bauxite. It ranks second in production of soya beans and livestock products after the United States. This has earned the country foreign exchange through exports which in turn has improved the country’s domestic economy.
The age structure of Brazilians contains 26.7% of people aged between zero to fourteen years, 66.8% aged between fifteen to sixty four years and 6.4% of those over sixty five years of age. It has a median age of 28.6 years with a sex ratio of male to female of 0.98 and a population growth rate of 1.199% according to 2009 CIA estimation. Infant mortality rate adds up to 22.58 deaths per 1000 live births. The fertility rate of Brazilian women is 2.21 kids per woman with a life expectancy of the Brazilians being 71.99 years. This indicates that Brazil has a great labor pool which needs to be exploited and this has made it to emerge as the leading country in the region. 73.6% of Brazilians belong to the Roman Catholic while 15.4% are Protestants with a multicultural population containing different ethnic groups similar to the United States such as blacks (6.2%), Asians, Mulatto (53.7%), and Whites (53.7%). The official language spoken is Portuguese since it was colonized. The country has the literate rate for adults as 88.6%. The growth of population in Brazil has offered the necessary workforce that has energized and engineered economic development. However, its high urbanized population (86%) most of which is located in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is characterized by unequal income and has continued to increase the cases of crime, social and environmental problems. Brazil’s economic expansion has resulted to jobs for the large population and a reduced unemployment rate of up to 8% in 2008 although a considerable percentage is still below the poverty level (CIA, 2009).
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